This summer I’m wearing a special cap that reads, “NAFTA, CAFTA, Do We Hafta?” The slogan comes from the Rural Coalition, an alliance of small community groups throughout the United States working to build a more just and sustainable food system.
For over 10 years, family farmers have felt the negative effects of the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA), and they are warning that the proposed Central American Free Trade Agreement (CAFTA) is even worse. To the Rural Coalition, most free-trade issues in agriculture pit the power of corporations against the needs of farmers, and CAFTA’s provisions for corporations and agribusiness look like NAFTA on steroids.
CAFTA is designed to remove trade barriers between the United States and Guatemala, El Salvador, Honduras, Costa Rica, Nicaragua and the Dominican Republic. These Central American countries will drop tariffs on US manufactured goods, while the United States promises increased access to their textiles and agricultural products. What sounds like a win-win situation pales significantly when viewed from the historic NAFTA experience and the unequal exercise of economic power.
Agribusiness accounts for 7.2 percent of US farms, but gets 72.1 percent of the market value of products sold. It receives roughly two-thirds of the $17 billion annual agricultural subsidy, while small farm income on average has fallen since NAFTA.
Before NAFTA, Mexico imported 17 percent of its rice and 12 percent of its wheat, but because of world prices lowered by US subsidies, it now imports 53 percent of its rice and 35 percent of its wheat. As a result, half of Mexico’s small farmers lost their livelihood in agriculture. In the United States, minority and small farms suffered decline because they could not compete with the world prices created by dumping the way agribusiness could.
In terms of manufacturing, CAFTA expands the rights of global corporations secured by NAFTA to challenge environmental, labor, health and other regulations nations and states my choose to impose for the protection of their people. Under NAFTA, a US corporation cannot file a case with NAFTA tribunals against our own national, state or local laws. Under CAFTA, a foreign subsidiary of a US corporation can. Conceivably, Phillip Morris could get a Central American subsidiary to challenge US tobacco laws through a CAFTA tribunal.
Other manufacturing stipulations of CAFTA pave the way for accelerated privatization and neutralizing of social concerns. CAFTA partners must open competition to private firms for public services like education, energy and health care. Purchasing policies of CAFTA partners ban preferences for Made-in-USA products, recycled content, living wage agreements, or any other social or environmental safeguards. In reality, NAFTA and CAFTA subordinate democratic political power to economic and market imperatives.
Yet this narrow market ideology gained the criticism of John Paul II: “If globalization is ruled merely by laws of the market applied to suit the powerful, the consequences cannot but be negative” (Ecclesia in America, 20). Catholic social thought views international trade as a vehicle for development that must first address the needs of those living in poverty. Without enforceable labor laws and a respect for creation, trade agreements will fail the test as authentic development. Bishop Alvaro Ramazzini Imeri of Guatemala testified about CAFTA: “Trade is not a panacea… [and] trade policies need to be complemented by institutional reforms and a broader development framework that affords each person their right to participate in a market that is fair and compassionate.”
Until these regional trade agreements respect local food production, care of creation and the rights of labor, I’ll continue to wear my cap and remind people to ask, “NAFTA, CAFTA, Do We Hafta?”
Fr. Rausch is a Glenmary priest who lives, writes and organizes in Appalachia.
(This article courtesy of the Arlington Catholic Herald.)
