By Andrew Rabel
On April 26 in St. Peter’s Square, Pope Benedict XVI will canonize a Portuguese national hero who toward the end of his life became a Carmelite monk and served the poor, Nuno de Santa Maria Àlvares Pereira , O. Carm. (1360-1431), the Condestável (“Constable,” meaning General) known in Portugal as “the Father of the Nation.” (Photo: The only known portrait of Nuno done during his lifetime and showing him in his Carmelite habit .)
In the April issue of Inside the Vatican , now in the mail, the Portuguese woman whose blind eye was healed after praying to Blessed Nuno, speaks for the first time on her tragic accident and the moment of her healing. (This and other interviews have been given to the journal because of the writer’s friendship with her family.)
Almost a century ago, Pope Benedict XV beatified Nuno (January 23, 1918), and proposed him as a model for the Catholic soldiers then engaged in combat during World War 1. So one Pope Benedict, the 15th, beatified Nuno, and a second, Benedict XVI, will canonize him.
Nuno is considered the founder of the Bragança Royal Family Dynasty of Portugal which ruled from 1640 until 1910. (Nuno’s daughter, Beatriz, married Alfonso, son of John I, whom he helped bring to power, starting the Aviz Dynasty.) The majority of Catholic royal families in Europe and Brazil claim lineage from him, including the recently beatified Charles of Austria, the last Hapsburg Emperor. Queen Isabella of Spain was one of Nuno’s granddaughters.
Nuno even had descendants in the British royal family: Isabella’s daughter (his great-granddaughter) was Catherine of Aragon, the first wife of Henry VIII, and her daughter (his great-great-granddaughter) was Queen Mary Tudor. Catherine of Aragon had many miscarriages, a still-born daughter and three short-lived sons before giving birth to Mary. King Henry VIII, desirous of a male hair, sought permission from Pope Clement VII (1523-1534) to annul his marriage to Catherine, but Clement refused, leading Henry to divorce her and break with Rome, beginning the Anglican Church.
Another descendant was Catherine of Bragança, wife of King Charles II (all his children were illegitimate to mistresses) who conversely became a Catholic on his deathbed in 1685.
Blessed Nuno is most highly regarded in his country for masterminding the Battle of Aljubarrota in 1385. There, Portugal, in concert with England, stopped an invasion by Castile. Both allied nations were then in obedience to Pope Urban VI in Rome, whilst Castile and France followed the Antipope of Avignon, Clement VII (1378-1394).
Nuno fought and won many other battles between 1383 and 1411, and, after peace was established with Castile, Nuno participated in the expedition in 1415 to Ceuta in North Africa, an action that was considered the first European missionary effort. (Photo: Painting of Nuno praying before going into battle. )
Equine monuments to him are scattered throughout Portugal and in many former Portuguese overseas colonies. Long before the introduction of the Euro, his effigy was on Portugal’s currency.
He was made the 3rd Count of Ourém in 1383, and his main feudal castle was in Ourém, the county where Fátima is located. He believed prayer, penance and commitment to the poor and needy, to be the true calling of nobility and, following the death of his wife, Nuno entered a Carmelite monastery he had established, taking the religious name Friar Nuno of Saint Mary .
He was renowned for his devotion to the Blessed Virgin Mary and is considered the Founder of the Secular Order because the secular Confraternity of Our Lady of Mount Carmel, better known as the Confraternity of the Holy Constable, which he founded in Lisbon to support his work with the poor with contributions from its noble members, eventually evolved into the present Carmelite Third Order. This original Confraternity was re-established last year on November 6 (Nuno’s Feast Day) and hopes to be an active branch of the Secular Order providing funds for work with the poor and homeless of Lisbon in remembrance of Dom Nuno.
When fighting the Castilians, he was renowned for his fairness to his enemies, and three times crossed the border to feed the peoples in the neighboring kingdom during famines, and to provide for the widows and orphans of the war.
Pope Pius XII was on the verge of canonizing him by decree in 1940, but was dissuaded by Salazar (the leader of Portugal at the time). Blessed Nuno’s cause then remained at a stalemate.
The rediscovery of his original grave site in 1996 in Lisbon by archaeologists proved that he had received a burial suitable for the last great knight of medieval Christendom.
John Haffert, co-founder of the Blue Army of Our Lady of Fatima, regarded Nuno as the peacemaker who went to war and the precursor of Fátima, and Haffert promoted devotion to Nuno right up until Haffert’s death in 2001.
In the USA, the Blessed Nuno Society (www.blessednuno.org ) founded in Ourém Castle by Timothy Heinan and Blue Army Protector Bishop Constantino Luna, OFM, was later headquartered in the Diocese of Duluth, Minnesota (USA) as a Private Association of the Faithful, continuing to promote devotion to Nuno and, by engaging in works of charity on behalf of orphans and the homeless, being faithful to his example. The association administers orphanage projects in Portugal, Mexico and the Carib bean.
The miracle of canonization took place in the Jubilee Year 2000, when a devotee of Blessed Nuno and volunteer at Ourém Castle, Guilhermina de Jesus , was blinded in her left eye as a result of boiling oil splashing on it, when she was frying some fish and chips.
After all medical treatment proved unsuccessful, Guilhermina and her family prayed several novenas to Blessed Nuno, and her sight returned in that blinded eye inexplicably. (She tells the dramatic story of her healing in a world exclusive interview in the current issue of Inside the Vatican .)
On July 3, 2008, alongside a decree of heroic virtue, the Holy Father approved this healing as a miracle obtained through Blessed Nuno’s intercession.
This will be the first canonization of a Portuguese saint since that of St John de Brito, SJ, Jesuit missionary and martyr, in 1947. As a member of the Carmelites of the Ancient Observance, it will be the first canonization in this branch of the family since that of St Mary Magdalen de’ Pazzi in 1669.
The significance of two Popes named Benedict elevating Nuno to the last two stages of sainthood cannot be overstated. St Benedict of Nursia, the founder of Christian monasticism, from time immemorial has been considered the Father of Christian Europe, and so often Pope Benedict has lamented the continent departing from its Christian roots. The canonization of Nuno is a call to the whole of Europe (not just Portugal) to rediscover its soul, by imitating a man whose Catholic faith shone in both his public and private life. (Photo: Statue of Nuno in a military museum which also contains his sword .)
Nuno’s feast day is obligatory among Carmelites of the Ancient Observance on November 6 (now to be extended to the Universal Church) and optional among the Discalced Carmelites on April 1, who have also a Portuguese cause impending, that of Fatima seer, Sister Lucia dos Santos, whose family had a great devotion to the Condestável .
Having been a Prior of the Hospitaller Order of Saint John (Order of Malta) and Commander of the Minor Religious Military Orders under the observance of the Cistercians of Alcobaça’s rule, such as Saint Benedict of Aviz and Saint Michael of the Wing, Dom Nuno will also be venerated as a Saint or Protector of these Orders.
His official name will be Saint Friar Dom Nuno de Santa Maria Àlvares Pereira , O.Carm, but for the Portuguese he will always be fondly regarded as the Holy Constable or Beato Nuno.
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"I Pray St. Nuno Blesses the World”
An interview with Cardinal Jose Saraiva Martins ( photo ) , former Prefect of the Congregation of the Causes of Saints in Rome, who was born in Portugal and who was a close friend of Sister Lucy of Fatima. He recently stepped down from his post as the Vatican’s "saint-maker" due to age, as he turned 77 in January
What does Blessed Nuno’s canonization say to Portugal?
Cardinal Jose Saraiva Martins : The recent Pastoral Note issued by the Portuguese Episcopal Conference on the occasion of the Canonization of Nuno Àlvares Pereira, gives us his heroic example in a time of crisis and tells us: “We need figures like Nuno Àlvares Pereira, who have integrity, coherence, holiness or in other words, are friends of God and his creatures, and above all the most fragile. Persons like these awaken the confidence and the dynamism of society that help endure and conquer crises.”
The history of the cause was somewhat controversial. So now that the Holy Father has decided to canonize Nuno, what does this say to the Church? What is the advantage of canonizing a man who lived more than 600 years ago?
Cardinal Saraiva Martins : The saints are timeless and are always an inspiration to Catholics to a greater perfection with the end goal being Heaven. The Church teaches that many of the lessons of their times may prove inspirational today in our own lives.
So, what then does he say to the world?
Cardinal Saraiva Martins : To follow his example of a life of devotion to the Blessed Sacrament and Our Lady, guided by the Gospel, fighting for the superior moral interests of a nation and in dedicated service to the less fortunate and the poor.
As a fellow Portuguese, what does Nuno mean to you personally now that you have completed your term of office at the helm of the Congregation for Saints? Was it bittersweet that the very last time you presented decrees on saints’ causes to the Holy Father, he approved Nuno considering your devotion to him?
Cardinal Saraiva Martins : It was an honor to have worked in the Congregation for the Causes of Saints and to have helped the Church confirm the Sanctity of various Blesseds and Saints. Being Portuguese of course, I was especially blessed and honored to have worked on the beatification of the Portuguese Frei Bartolomeu dos Martires, Fátima Seers Blessed Jacinta and Francisco Marto, and also Alexandrina da Costa. I was especially fortunate to have brought the concluded process for the Canonization of Saint Nuno to the Holy Father as one of my last acts as Prefect. I pray that Saint Nuno blesses the Church, Portugal and the World.
(More information will be available in the April issue of ITV .)
Andrew Rabel writes from Australia .
